How to Determine the Depth of Geotechnical Exploration Drilling

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How to Determine the Depth of Geotechnical Exploration Drilling

Determining the depth of geotechnical exploration drilling is critical for effective subsurface investigation. It ensures that the data collected is sufficient to understand soil and rock conditions and supports the design of engineering structures.

1. Project Requirements

The first step is to align the drilling depth with the project’s requirements. Different projects demand varying levels of subsurface data:

Shallow Investigations: For small structures like residential buildings or roads, depths of 3-10 meters are typically sufficient.
Deep Investigations: Large infrastructure projects such as bridges or skyscrapers require drilling depths exceeding 30 meters to reach bedrock or other competent layers.

2. Geological Conditions

Geological variability significantly affects the drilling depth. In regions with complex stratigraphy, drilling may need to continue until a comprehensive profile is achieved:

Soft Clay or Silt: Requires sampling to determine bearing capacity.
Rock Layers: Exploration coring drill rigs are often employed to retrieve rock cores for detailed analysis.

3. Equipment Capabilities

The choice of equipment influences the feasible drilling depth:

Portable Full-Hydraulic Core Drilling Rig: Suitable for versatile drilling in remote or challenging terrains.
Exploration Trenching Drill: Ideal for shallow trenches and surface investigations.
Borehole Sampling Machine: Designed for precise sampling at targeted depths.

4. Standards and Guidelines

International and local standards guide the required depth for various investigations. Commonly referenced standards include ASTM D2113 for rock core drilling and BS EN ISO 22475 for soil sampling.